Prostate Cancer: What Men Need to Know
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Understanding this disease, knowing your risk, and making informed decisions about screening can protect your health.
Understanding the Prostate
The prostate is a small gland below the bladder that produces fluid for semen. As men age, the prostate can develop problems including cancer.
Risk Factors
Age: Risk increases significantly after 50.
Family History: Having a father or brother with prostate cancer doubles your risk.
Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups have higher rates; studies in South Asian populations are ongoing.
Diet: Diets high in red meat and dairy may increase risk.
Obesity: Associated with more aggressive prostate cancer.
Screening Options
PSA Test: Blood test measuring prostate-specific antigen. Elevated levels may indicate cancer (or other conditions).
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Physical examination of the prostate.
When to Screen:
- Age 50 for average-risk men
- Age 45 for higher-risk men (family history)
- Discuss with your doctor—screening involves shared decision-making
The Screening Debate
Prostate cancer screening is more nuanced than other cancers:
Benefits: Early detection can find cancers when treatment is most effective.
Risks: PSA tests can lead to false positives and potentially unnecessary biopsies or treatments.
Individual Decision: Discuss with your doctor your personal risk factors and preferences.
Symptoms
Early prostate cancer often has no symptoms. Advanced disease may cause:
- Difficulty urinating
- Weak urine stream
- Blood in urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Pain in hips, back, or chest
- Weakness in legs
Note: These symptoms often have non-cancerous causes but should be evaluated.
Treatment Options
If diagnosed, treatment depends on cancer stage and your overall health:
Active Surveillance: For slow-growing cancers, monitoring without immediate treatment.
Surgery: Removal of prostate gland.
Radiation: External beam or brachytherapy (internal seeds).
Hormone Therapy: Reduces hormones that fuel cancer growth.
Chemotherapy: For advanced cancers.
Many men live long lives after prostate cancer treatment.
Prevention Strategies
While no guaranteed prevention exists:
Healthy Diet: Tomatoes, cruciferous vegetables, and foods rich in omega-3s may help.
Exercise: Regular physical activity is associated with lower risk.
Maintain Healthy Weight: Obesity is linked to aggressive prostate cancer.
Regular Check-ups: Stay connected with healthcare provider.
Cultural Considerations
Men in our community may face barriers:
Discomfort Discussing: Talking about prostate issues can feel embarrassing. Remember, it's a health matter that affects many men.
Avoiding Exams: DRE may feel uncomfortable but takes only moments and provides important information.
Delayed Care: Men often delay seeking help. Don't wait until symptoms are severe.
PASOR's Men's Health Initiatives
Our men's health awareness programs address prostate and other health concerns. Learn about cancer screening importance.
Take Action
If you're over 50 (or 45 with risk factors):
- Discuss prostate screening with your doctor
- Know your family history
- Report any urinary changes promptly
Attend PASOR health events for more information.
Your health matters to your family. Take care of it.